本研究的主要挑戰是在一對 30 × 60 cm 的 FTO 玻璃片內整合多個電池單元。染料敏化太陽能電池（DSSC）是一種易於製造且具成本效益的光伏裝置，甚至可在 DIY 級別實現。然而，其效率仍然相對較低，難以達到商業標準，這主要受限於系統內 FTO 或 ITO 層的高片狀電阻（sheet resistance）。
DSSC 的一大優勢在於透明 TiO₂ 層的圖案與顏色高度可定制，使其能夠實現美觀的智慧表面設計，並且具有自供電能力。本實驗所使用的化學試劑主要來自 Greatcell Solar，因此大部分製程均為傳統方法，唯一的例外是本研究中使用了特殊尺寸的電池。測得的效率約為 5.8V 和 51mA，此結果來自 12 片 Z 型串聯電池，並在對電極上印刷銀電極線。
目前電流輸出較低的原因歸因於此配置中缺少並聯電路。本研究的下一步目標是實現接近一般產品的轉換效率，這與串聯模組設計及銀線佈局密切相關。
The main challenge of this research is to integrate multiple cells within a single pair of FTO glass sheets measuring 30 × 60 cm. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are easily manufacturable and cost-effective photovoltaic devices, even feasible at a DIY level. However, their efficiency remains relatively low, posing challenges in meeting commercial standards. This limitation primarily arises from the high sheet resistance of the FTO layer within the system.
One of the key advantages of DSSCs is their highly customizable patterns and colors in the transparent TiO₂ layer, enabling aesthetically pleasing smart surface designs that are also electrically self-sufficient. The chemicals used in this experiment were primarily sourced from Greatcell Solar, making most of the fabrication processes conventional, except for the unique cell size used in this study. The measured efficiency yielded approximately 5.8V and 51mA, achieved with 12 cells in a Z-type series configuration and silver traces printed on the counter electrode.
Currently the low current output is attributed to the absence of a parallel circuit in this configuration. The next step of this research is to achieve a conversion efficiency close to that of conventional products, which is closely related to the design of the series modules and the layout of the silver wires.